Set the Default Time Zone
Make sure that the Linux environment variable TZ is set to the desired value on all cluster hosts. Typically, the TZ variable is the same on all cluster hosts but this is not required; you can configure a cluster to provide convenient client connections from multiple time zones as explained below.
+ START OF SHARED SECTION
When a client receives the result set of an SQL query, all rows contain data adjusted, if necessary, to the same time zone. That time zone is the default time zone of the initiator node unless the client explicitly overrides it using the SQL SET TIMEZONE command (described in the SQL Reference Manual). The default time zone of any node is controlled by the TZ environment variable or, if TZ is undefined, the operating system time zone.
Configuring Multiple Time Zones
As a convenience to clients in multiple time zones, you can designate specific nodes as having specific default time zones. This allows a client to connect to a specific node and execute SQL statements using the default SQL time zone. In other words, there is no need for the client to use the SQL SET TIMEZONE command.
If you do this, however, be aware that:
- the install_vertica script (described in Installing Vertica) issues warnings when the TZ (and LANG) environment variables are not the same on all cluster hosts
- a client that does not use the SQL SET TIMEZONE command may get unexpected query results if it connects to the wrong node
- the timestamps in the each node's log files are based on its default time zone and thus may be different across the cluster
- END OF SHARED SECTION
Setting the Time Zone on a Host
This can be done several different ways and depends on the Linux distribution and/or the system administrators' preferences.
- To set the system time zone on Red Hat and SUSE Linux systems, edit:
/etc/sysconfig/clock
- To set the TZ variable, edit
/etc/profile
or /root/.bashrc
and add the following line:export TZ=time-zone-name
The following time zone names are recognized by Vertica as valid settings for the SQL time zone (the TIMEZONE run-time parameter).
The names listed here are for convenience only and may be out of date. Refer to the Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data page for precise information.
These names are not the same as the names shown in Time Zone Abbreviations For Input, which are recognized by Vertica in date/time input values. The TIMEZONE names shown below imply a local daylight-savings time rule, where date/time input names represent a fixed offset from
UTC.
UTC is an abbreviation of Coordinated Universal Time (in English), the high-precision atomic time standard that replaced Greenwich Mean Time on 1 January 1972 as the basis for the main reference time scale or civil time in various regions. UTC is also referred to by the military and civil aviation as Zulu time (Z).
In many cases there are several equivalent names for the same zone. These are listed on the same line. The table is primarily sorted by the name of the principal city of the zone.
Time Zone
|
Africa
Africa/Abidjan
|
Africa/Accra
|
Africa/Addis_Ababa
|
Africa/Algiers
|
Africa/Asmera
|
Africa/Bamako
|
Africa/Bangui
|
Africa/Banjul
|
Africa/Bissau
|
Africa/Blantyre
|
Africa/Brazzaville
|
Africa/Bujumbura
|
Africa/Cairo Egypt
|
Africa/Casablanca
|
Africa/Ceuta
|
Africa/Conakry
|
Africa/Dakar
|
Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
|
Africa/Djibouti
|
Africa/Douala
|
Africa/El_Aaiun
|
Africa/Freetown
|
Africa/Gaborone
|
Africa/Harare
|
Africa/Johannesburg
|
Africa/Kampala
|
Africa/Khartoum
|
Africa/Kigali
|
Africa/Kinshasa
|
Africa/Lagos
|
Africa/Libreville
|
Africa/Lome
|
Africa/Luanda
|
Africa/Lubumbashi
|
Africa/Lusaka
|
Africa/Malabo
|
Africa/Maputo
|
Africa/Maseru
|
Africa/Mbabane
|
Africa/Mogadishu
|
Africa/Monrovia
|
Africa/Nairobi
|
Africa/Ndjamena
|
Africa/Niamey
|
Africa/Nouakchott
|
Africa/Ouagadougou
|
Africa/Porto-Novo
|
Africa/Sao_Tome
|
Africa/Timbuktu
|
Africa/Tripoli Libya
|
Africa/Tunis
|
Africa/Windhoek
|
|
America
America/Adak America/Atka US/Aleutian
|
America/Anchorage SystemV/YST9YDT US/Alaska
|
America/Anguilla
|
America/Antigua
|
America/Araguaina
|
America/Aruba
|
America/Asuncion
|
America/Bahia
|
America/Barbados
|
America/Belem
|
America/Belize
|
America/Boa_Vista
|
America/Bogota
|
America/Boise
|
America/Buenos_Aires
|
America/Cambridge_Bay
|
America/Campo_Grande
|
America/Cancun
|
America/Caracas
|
America/Catamarca
|
America/Cayenne
|
America/Cayman
|
America/Chicago CST6CDT SystemV/CST6CDT US/Central
|
America/Chihuahua
|
America/Cordoba America/Rosario
|
America/Costa_Rica
|
America/Cuiaba
|
America/Curacao
|
America/Danmarkshavn
|
America/Dawson
|
America/Dawson_Creek
|
America/Denver MST7MDT SystemV/MST7MDT US/Mountain America/Shiprock Navajo
|
America/Detroit US/Michigan
|
America/Dominica
|
America/Edmonton Canada/Mountain
|
America/Eirunepe
|
America/El_Salvador
|
America/Ensenada America/Tijuana Mexico/BajaNorte
|
America/Fortaleza
|
America/Glace_Bay
|
America/Godthab
|
America/Goose_Bay
|
America/Grand_Turk
|
America/Grenada
|
America/Guadeloupe
|
America/Guatemala
|
America/Guayaquil
|
America/Guyana
|
America/Halifax Canada/Atlantic SystemV/AST4ADT
|
America/Havana Cuba
|
America/Hermosillo
|
America/Indiana/Indianapolis
America/Indianapolis
America/Fort_Wayne EST SystemV/EST5 US/East-Indiana
|
America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN US/Indiana-Starke
|
America/Indiana/Marengo
|
America/Indiana/Vevay
|
America/Inuvik
|
America/Iqaluit
|
America/Jamaica Jamaica
|
America/Jujuy
|
America/Juneau
|
America/Kentucky/Louisville America/Louisville
|
America/Kentucky/Monticello
|
America/La_Paz
|
America/Lima
|
America/Los_Angeles PST8PDT SystemV/PST8PDT US/Pacific US/Pacific- New
|
America/Maceio
|
America/Managua
|
America/Manaus Brazil/West
|
America/Martinique
|
America/Mazatlan Mexico/BajaSur
|
America/Mendoza
|
America/Menominee
|
America/Merida
|
America/Mexico_City Mexico/General
|
America/Miquelon
|
America/Monterrey
|
America/Montevideo
|
America/Montreal
|
America/Montserrat
|
America/Nassau
|
America/New_York EST5EDT SystemV/EST5EDT US/Eastern
|
America/Nipigon
|
America/Nome
|
America/Noronha Brazil/DeNoronha
|
America/North_Dakota/Center
|
America/Panama
|
America/Pangnirtung
|
America/Paramaribo
|
America/Phoenix MST SystemV/MST7 US/Arizona
|
America/Port-au-Prince
|
America/Port_of_Spain
|
America/Porto_Acre America/Rio_Branco Brazil/Acre
|
America/Porto_Velho
|
America/Puerto_Rico SystemV/AST4
|
America/Rainy_River
|
America/Rankin_Inlet
|
America/Recife
|
America/Regina Canada/East-Saskatchewan Canada/Saskatchewan SystemV/CST6
|
America/Santiago Chile/Continental
|
America/Santo_Domingo
|
America/Sao_Paulo Brazil/East
|
America/Scoresbysund
|
America/St_Johns Canada/Newfoundland
|
America/St_Kitts
|
America/St_Lucia
|
America/St_Thomas America/Virgin
|
America/St_Vincent
|
America/Swift_Current
|
America/Tegucigalpa
|
America/Thule
|
America/Thunder_Bay
|
America/Toronto Canada/Eastern
|
America/Tortola
|
America/Vancouver Canada/Pacific
|
America/Whitehorse Canada/Yukon
|
America/Winnipeg Canada/Central
|
America/Yakutat
|
America/Yellowknife
|
|
Antartica
Antarctica/Casey
|
Antarctica/Davis
|
Antarctica/DumontDUrville
|
Antarctica/Mawson
|
Antarctica/McMurdo
Antarctica/South_Pole
|
Antarctica/Palmer
|
Antarctica/Rothera
|
Antarctica/Syowa
|
Antarctica/Vostok
|
|
Asia
Asia/Aden
|
Asia/Almaty
|
Asia/Amman
|
Asia/Anadyr
|
Asia/Aqtau
|
Asia/Aqtobe
|
Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad
|
Asia/Baghdad
|
Asia/Bahrain
|
Asia/Baku
|
Asia/Bangkok
|
Asia/Beirut
|
Asia/Bishkek
|
Asia/Brunei
|
Asia/Calcutta
|
Asia/Choibalsan
|
Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
|
Asia/Colombo
|
Asia/Dacca Asia/Dhaka
|
Asia/Damascus
|
Asia/Dili
|
Asia/Dubai
|
Asia/Dushanbe
|
Asia/Gaza
|
Asia/Harbin
|
Asia/Hong_Kong Hongkong
|
Asia/Hovd
|
Asia/Irkutsk
|
Asia/Jakarta
|
Asia/Jayapura
|
Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv Israel
|
Asia/Kabul
|
Asia/Kamchatka
|
Asia/Karachi
|
Asia/Kashgar
|
Asia/Katmandu
|
Asia/Krasnoyarsk
|
Asia/Kuala_Lumpur
|
Asia/Kuching
|
Asia/Kuwait
|
Asia/Macao Asia/Macau
|
Asia/Magadan
|
Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang
|
Asia/Manila
|
Asia/Muscat
|
Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
|
Asia/Novosibirsk
|
Asia/Omsk
|
Asia/Oral
|
Asia/Phnom_Penh
|
Asia/Pontianak
|
Asia/Pyongyang
|
Asia/Qatar
|
Asia/Qyzylorda
|
Asia/Rangoon
|
Asia/Riyadh
|
Asia/Riyadh87 Mideast/Riyadh87
|
Asia/Riyadh88 Mideast/Riyadh88
|
Asia/Riyadh89 Mideast/Riyadh89
|
Asia/Saigon
|
Asia/Sakhalin
|
Asia/Samarkand
|
Asia/Seoul ROK
|
Asia/Shanghai PRC
|
Asia/Singapore Singapore
|
Asia/Taipei ROC
|
Asia/Tashkent
|
Asia/Tbilisi
|
Asia/Tehran Iran
|
Asia/Thimbu Asia/Thimphu
|
Asia/Tokyo Japan
|
Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator
|
Asia/Urumqi
|
Asia/Vientiane
|
Asia/Vladivostok
|
Asia/Yakutsk
|
Asia/Yekaterinburg
|
Asia/Yerevan
|
|
Atlantic
Atlantic/Azores
|
Atlantic/Bermuda
|
Atlantic/Canary
|
Atlantic/Cape_Verde
|
Atlantic/Faeroe
|
Atlantic/Madeira
|
Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
|
Atlantic/South_Georgia
|
Atlantic/St_Helena
|
Atlantic/Stanley
|
|
Australia
Australia/ACT
Australia/Canberra
Australia/NSW
Australia/Sydney
|
Australia/Adelaide
Australia/South
|
Australia/Brisbane
Australia/Queensland
|
Australia/Broken_Hill
Australia/Yancowinna
|
Australia/Darwin
Australia/North
|
Australia/Hobart
Australia/Tasmania
|
Australia/LHI
Australia/Lord_Howe
|
Australia/Lindeman
|
Australia/Melbourne
Australia/Victoria
|
Australia/Perth Australia/West
|
|
CET
|
EET
|
Etc/GMT
Etc/GMT+1
|
Etc/GMT+2
|
Etc/GMT+3
|
Etc/GMT+4
|
Etc/GMT+5
|
Etc/GMT+6
|
Etc/GMT+7
|
Etc/GMT+8
|
Etc/GMT+9
|
Etc/GMT+10
|
Etc/GMT+11
|
Etc/GMT+12
|
Etc/GMT-1
|
Etc/GMT-2
|
Etc/GMT-3
|
Etc/GMT-4
|
Etc/GMT-5
|
Etc/GMT-6
|
Etc/GMT-7
|
Etc/GMT-8
|
Etc/GMT-9
|
Etc/GMT-10
|
Etc/GMT-11
|
Etc/GMT-12
|
Etc/GMT-13
|
Etc/GMT-14
|
|
Europe
Europe/Amsterdam
|
Europe/Andorra
|
Europe/Athens
|
Europe/Belfast
|
Europe/Belgrade
Europe/Ljubljana
Europe/Sarajevo
Europe/Skopje
Europe/Zagreb
|
Europe/Berlin
|
Europe/Brussels
|
Europe/Bucharest
|
Europe/Budapest
|
Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol
|
Europe/Copenhagen
|
Europe/Dublin Eire
|
Europe/Gibraltar
|
Europe/Helsinki
|
Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul Turkey
|
Europe/Kaliningrad
|
Europe/Kiev
|
Europe/Lisbon Portugal
|
Europe/London GB GB-Eire
|
Europe/Luxembourg
|
Europe/Madrid
|
Europe/Malta
|
Europe/Minsk
|
Europe/Monaco
|
Europe/Moscow W-SU
|
Europe/Oslo
Arctic/Longyearbyen
Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
|
Europe/Paris
|
Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
|
Europe/Riga
|
Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino Europe/Vatican
|
Europe/Samara
|
Europe/Simferopol
|
Europe/Sofia
|
Europe/Stockholm
|
Europe/Tallinn
|
Europe/Tirane
|
Europe/Uzhgorod
|
Europe/Vaduz
|
Europe/Vienna
|
Europe/Vilnius
|
Europe/Warsaw Poland
|
Europe/Zaporozhye
|
Europe/Zurich
|
|
Factory
|
GMT GMT+0 GMT-0 GMT0 Greenwich Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0 Etc/GMT-0 Etc/GMT0 Etc/Greenwich
|
Indian
Indian/Antananarivo
|
Indian/Chagos
|
Indian/Christmas
|
Indian/Cocos
|
Indian/Comoro
|
Indian/Kerguelen
|
Indian/Mahe
|
Indian/Maldives
|
Indian/Mauritius
|
Indian/Mayotte
|
Indian/Reunion
|
|
MET
|
Pacific
Pacific/Apia
|
Pacific/Auckland NZ
|
Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT
|
Pacific/Easter
Chile/EasterIsland
|
Pacific/Efate
|
Pacific/Enderbury
|
Pacific/Fakaofo
|
Pacific/Fiji
|
Pacific/Funafuti
|
Pacific/Galapagos
|
Pacific/Gambier SystemV/YST9
|
Pacific/Guadalcanal
|
Pacific/Guam
|
Pacific/Honolulu HST SystemV/HST10 US/Hawaii
|
Pacific/Johnston
|
Pacific/Kiritimati
|
Pacific/Kosrae
|
Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
|
Pacific/Majuro
|
Pacific/Marquesas
|
Pacific/Midway
|
Pacific/Nauru
|
Pacific/Niue
|
Pacific/Norfolk
|
Pacific/Noumea
|
Pacific/Pago_Pago
Pacific/Samoa US/Samoa
|
Pacific/Palau
|
Pacific/Pitcairn SystemV/PST8
|
Pacific/Ponape
|
Pacific/Port_Moresby
|
Pacific/Rarotonga
|
Pacific/Saipan
|
Pacific/Tahiti
|
Pacific/Tarawa
|
Pacific/Tongatapu
|
Pacific/Truk
|
Pacific/Wake
|
Pacific/Wallis
|
Pacific/Yap
|
|
UCT Etc/UCT
|
UTC Universal Zulu Etc/UTC Etc/Universal Etc/Zulu
|
WET
|
In addition to the names listed in the table, Vertica will accept time zone names of the form STDoffset or STDoffsetDST, where STD is a zone abbreviation, offset is a numeric offset in hours west from UTC, and DST is an optional daylight-savings zone abbreviation, assumed to stand for one hour ahead of the given offset. For example, if EST5EDT
were not already a recognized zone name, it would be accepted and would be functionally equivalent to USA East Coast time. When a daylight-savings zone name is present, it is assumed to be used according to USA time zone rules, so this feature is of limited use outside North America. One should also be wary that this provision can lead to silently accepting bogus input, since there is no check on the reasonableness of the zone abbreviations. For example, SET TIMEZONE TO FOOBAR0
will work, leaving the system effectively using a rather peculiar abbreviation for GMT.